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What type of mutation causes connexin 26?

What type of mutation causes connexin 26?

Mutations in the connexin 26 (Cx26) gene (GJB2) are associated with the type of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic neurosensory deafness known as “DFNB1.” Studies indicate that DFNB1 (13q11-12) causes 20% of all childhood deafness and may have a carrier rate as high as 2.

Is connexin 26 a gene?

The GJB2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called gap junction beta 2, more commonly known as connexin 26. Connexin 26 is a member of the connexin protein family.

What is 35delG?

The most common mutation, called the 30delG or 35delG mutation because it arises from a deletion of one base in a sequence of 6 guanine residues at position 30–35 in the CX26 DNA sequence, causes DFNB1.

Are recessive or dominant mutations more common?

Recessive disease mutations are much more common than those that are harmful even in a single copy, because such “dominant” mutations are more easily eliminated by natural selection.

What causes connexin 26?

Connexin 26 mutations are the most common cause of congenital sensorineural hearing losses. Connexin 26 is actually a protein found in the gap junction beta 2 (GJB2) gene. This protein is needed to allow cells to communicate with each other.

How do you test for connexin 26?

Laboratory Testing for Connexin 26 and 30 gene mutations : Results are reported as normal or mutation(s) detected. Any variant that is identified is interpreted as a deleterious mutation, a variant of unknown significance, or a polymorphism. Testing of GJB6 is done by a multiplex PCR followed by fragment analysis.

How common is GJB2?

235delC and p. Val37Ile mutations are the most prevalent in the Asian population. The carrier frequency of GJB2 mutations in the control population is reported to be 2–4%15, 16, 17 in the US, in Europe, and in Korea, but the carrier frequency in the Japanese population has not yet been reported.

Is connexin 26 hearing loss progressive?

Mutations in GJB2 are the most common cause of recessive hearing loss. The hearing losses range from mild to profound and are usually congenital. Of the two-thirds of our patients who presented with mild to severe SNHL owing to biallelic GJB2 mutations, 56% experienced progressive hearing loss.

What is connexin 26 mutation test?

The “test of genetic deafness”—35delG mutation screening of GJB2 gene on chromosome 13q1—examines the region of the connexin 26 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the test checks whether the region shows the most common mutation in cases of genetic deafness, the 35delG mutation, which occurs on the long arm of …

Is the connexin 26 mutation a syndromic mutation?

Connexin 26 mutations are non-syndromic, meaning that the mutation produces an only isolated hearing loss.

How is the connexin 26 gene linked to hearing loss?

Connexin 26 alterations are responsible for at least 20 % of all genetic hearing loss and 10% of all the childhood hearing loss. Mutations in the gene (GJB2) encoding connexin 26 (cx26) is linked to sensorineural hearing loss either alone or as part of a syndrome.

Where is the connexin 26 located in the GJB2 gene?

The Connexin 26 (Cx26) is a protein located on the GJB2 gene. The GJB2 gene contains the instructions for the manufacturing of a number of proteins, including the Connexin 26 proteins.

Where is connexin 26 found in the body?

Gap junctions made with connexin 26 transport potassium ions and certain small molecules. Connexin 26 is found in cells throughout the body, including the inner ear. Because of its presence in the inner ear, especially the snail-shaped structure called the cochlea, researchers are interested in this protein’s role in hearing.