What does TNFR1 do?
What does TNFR1 do?
TNFR1 is a death receptor (DR) and harbors a death domain (DD) in its cytoplasmic part (Tartaglia et al., 1993). The DD is a conserved type of protein-protein interaction domain which enables DRs to interact homotypically with cytoplasmic proteins also harboring a DD (Park et al., 2007).
Where are TNF receptors located?
TNF receptors are expressed in a wide variety of tissues in mammals, especially in leukocytes. The term death receptor refers to those members of the TNF receptor superfamily that contain a death domain, such as TNFR1, Fas receptor, DR4 and DR5.
Is TNF a gene?
TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TNF include Asthma and Malaria.
Why is TNF produced?
TNF is a pleiotropic regulatory cytokine produced by several cell types, including in adipose tissue, that can exert a variety of effects on cellular and biological processes, including immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, coagulation, growth promotion and inhibition, and energy homeostasis.
Can a transmembrane TNF bind to TNFR1?
While transmembrane TNF activates TNFR1 and TNFR2 signaling with high efficacy, binding of soluble TNF results only in the case of TNFR1 in strong and general receptor activation (Wajant et al., 2003; Figure 1). TNFR1 is expressed by almost any cell type.
How are TNFR1 and TNFR2 receptors characterized?
As other receptors of the TNFRSF, TNFR1 and TNFR2 are characterized by cysteine-rich domains (CRD) in their extracellular part. TNFR1 harbors furthermore a death domain (DD) and TNFR2 a TRAF2 binding site (T2bs). TNF occurs in two forms, as a membrane-bound trimeric ligand (memTNF) and as a soluble likewise trimeric molecule (sTNF).
How does the tnfr1-tnfr2 signaling network control macrophages?
Based on a brief general description of major TNF receptor-associated signaling pathways, we focus in this review on research of recent years that revealed insights into the molecular mechanisms how the TNFR1-TNFR2 signaling network controls the life and death balance of macrophages.
What are small molecules that inhibit TNF signalling?
Addition of a pyrazole group at this position produced UCB- 9260 (PDB: 6OP0) (Supplementary Fig. 5 ), which bound TNF with a similar KD of 13 nM but had a slower off-rate in the Biacore assay ( kd = 4.39E−05 s −1; Supplementary Fig. 3 ), and resulted in further stabilisation of the TNF trimer (Δ17.1 °C) (Supplementary Table 3 ).