What viruses are transmitted by aphids?
What viruses are transmitted by aphids?
All potyviruses (the largest group of plant viruses) are transmitted by aphids. Aphids are sap-sucking insects and have piercing, sucking mouthparts. Their mouthparts include a needle-like stylet that allows the aphid to access and feed on the contents of plant cells.
What types of viruses are spread by leafhoppers and aphids?
The principal virus-carrying insects are about 200 species of aphids, which transmit mostly mosaic viruses, and more than 100 species of leafhoppers, which carry yellows-type viruses.
What disease do aphids vector?
Aphids (superfamily Aphidoidea) are known to transmit over 150 different kinds of plant viruses, including beet mosaic, cabbage black ringspot, carnation latent, cauliflower mosaic, cherry ringspot, cucumber mosaic, onion yellow dwarf, pea wilt, potato Y, tobacco etch, tobacco mosaic, tomato spotted wilt, and turnip …
Can insects transmit viruses to plants?
In terms of epidemiology, insects are the most important factors in plant virus disease. Approximately 80% of the plant viruses depend on insect vectors for transmission (other vectors can be nematodes and fungi), and the plant virus vector interactions are very specific.
What disease does aphid cause?
However, the most harmful effect of aphids is the transmission of viruses. Aphids can transmit dozens of viruses from a diseased plant to healthy one iin just a few seconds, especially the winged generations.
Can aphids transmit viruses to humans?
Most vegetable virus diseases that are important in New England are spread by insects. Cucumber beetles, thrips, leafhoppers, and nematodes can spread certain viruses, but aphids are the most important vectors (carriers). Viruses can be classified as persistent and nonpersistent.
What insects spread plant viruses?
The best-characterized plant viral insect vectors are aphids, thrips, leafhoppers, planthoppers and whiteflies [2].
What are the symptoms of aphid?
Signs of severe aphid feeding are twisted and curled leaves, yellowed leaves, stunted or dead shoots and poor plant growth.
How are aphids used as carriers of viruses?
The structure of aphid mouthparts, their searching behaviour for host plants, the range of available host plants and high reproductive rates contribute to the efficiency of aphids to act as virus carriers. Aphid transmission Transmission of a virus by insects is a specific biological process. A particular virus is transmitted by one carrier
How long does it take for an aphid to transmit a virus?
acquire a virus. The virus must circulate through the aphid’s body to the salivary glands before transmission can occur. This period is at least 12 hours. Once an aphid can transmit the virus it is able to do so for many weeks or the rest of its life without needing to obtain more virus from an infected plant.
Where can I find aphid transmission of Potyvirus?
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. 3 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
What are the anisms of the aphid vector?
anisms of transmission are best understood by considering the routes of virus movement in the aphid (circulative versus non- circulative) and the sites of retention or target tissues (e.g. stylets, salivary glands). Capsid proteins are a primary, but not necessarily sole, viral determinant of transmission. A summary is presented