What is the branchial arch?
What is the branchial arch?
The branchial arches are embryologic structures that develop into anatomic structures in the adult human. The term “branchial” derives from the Latin “branchia,” meaning gills, and is used to describe the development of many species of fish and amphibia.
What is the second pharyngeal arch?
Second arch The second pharyngeal arch or hyoid arch, is the second of fifth pharyngeal arches that develops in fetal life during the fourth week of development and assists in forming the side and front of the neck.
What structures are derived from the second pharyngeal arch?
The nerve associated with the second pharyngeal arch is the facial nerve (CN VII). It innervates all the muscular derivatives of the 2nd arch – the muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, platysma and the posterior belly of digastric.
What is the skeletal element of second branchial arch?
Summary of the branchial arch derivatives
| Branchial arch | Skeleton element |
|---|---|
| 2. | Reichert’s cartilage, stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser corn of hyoid, body of the hyoid bone |
| 3. | Hyoid bone, the greater horn of the hyoid |
| 4. | Thyroid cartilage (upper part) |
Which Rhombomere is responsible for 2nd arch development?
The facial nerve collects axons from motor nuclei lying in rhombomeres 4/5 of the embryonic brain and exit from rhombomere 4 to innervate the second pharyngeal arch derivatives (Lumsden and Keynes, 1989; Guthrie and Lumsden, 1992; Guthrie, 2007).
How many branchial arches do humans have?
The branchial arch system begins to form in the fourth week and consists of six paired arches that decrease in size from cranial to caudal. Each branchial arch consists of four essential tissue components (cartilage, aortic arch artery, nerve, muscle) that serve as building blocks for the face, neck, and oropharynx.
What causes a branchial cyst?
What are the causes? Branchial cleft cysts and sinus tracts are congenital anomalies, meaning they result from an unexpected change in the womb before birth. Although most commonly unilateral (occurring on one side of the neck), they can be bilateral (both sides of the neck).
What do rhombomeres give rise?
The rhombomeres give rise to motor nuclei to cranial nerves IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII, as well as neural crest cells to the pharyngeal arches. Migration of the neural crest cells occur in three streams (arrows) to their designated pharyngeal arches.
Where does the second branchial arch begin and end?
The embryologic migration pattern of the second branchial arch tract originates in the tonsillar fossa, travels over third arch structures, and terminates in the middle to lower two-thirds of the lateral portion of the neck. (9) Our patient satisfied three major criteria: coexisting first and second branchial arch anomalies and deafness.
Which is the second postoral arch in the vertebrate mouth?
the second visceral, or branchial, arch; the second postoral arch in the branchial arch series. The second visceral, or pharyngeal (branchial in fish), arch; the second postoral arch in the pharyngeal arch series. the visceral skeletal arch that lies directly behind the mandibular arch and supports the floor of the vertebrate mouth.
Which is the second branchial arch in the pharyngeal series?
The second visceral, or pharyngeal (branchial in fish), arch; the second postoral arch in the pharyngeal arch series. the visceral skeletal arch that lies directly behind the mandibular arch and supports the floor of the vertebrate mouth. Want to thank TFD for its existence?
What is the function of the second arch in fish?
The second arch becomes the hyoid and jaw support. In fish, the other posterior arches contribute to the branchial skeleton, which support the gills; in tetrapods the anterior arches develop into components of the ear, tonsils, and thymus. The genetic and developmental basis of pharyngeal arch development is well characterized.