What is an example of alternative RNA splicing?
What is an example of alternative RNA splicing?
Alternative splicing is a powerful means of controlling gene expression and increasing protein diversity. The best example is the Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) gene, which can generate 38,016 isoforms by the alternative splicing of 95 variable exons.
What regulates alternative splicing?
Splicing is regulated by trans-acting proteins (repressors and activators) and corresponding cis-acting regulatory sites (silencers and enhancers) on the pre-mRNA. Together, these elements form a “splicing code” that governs how splicing will occur under different cellular conditions.
What is the advantage alternative splicing?
The overall function of alternative splicing is to increase the diversity of the mRNA expressed from the genome. Due to the combinatorial control mechanisms that regulate alternative exon recognition, splicing programs coordinate the generation of mRNA isoforms from multiple genes.
What is meant by alternative RNA splicing?
Alternative splicing is the process of selecting different combinations of splice sites within a messenger RNA precursor (pre-mRNA) to produce variably spliced mRNAs.
What happens during alternative RNA splicing?
Alternative splicing (AS) therefore is a process by which exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms being encoded by a single gene.
Can alternative splicing remove exons?
In alternative splicing, some sequences serve as exons under some conditions and are included in the final mRNA. At other times, however, the alternative-splicing process may exclude the same sequence, treating it as an intron and removing it from the mature mRNA.
What is the advantage of RNA splicing?
This has several advantages: (i) it allows a high sequence flexibility of exonic regulatory sequences that puts no constrains on coding requirements, (ii) the protein interaction can be influenced by small changes in the concentration of regulatory proteins which allows the alternative usage of exons depending on a …
How does MBNL bind to all RNA substrates?
MBNL may bind all of its RNA substrates, both normal and pathogenic, as structured stem-loops containing pyrimidine mismatches. MBNL1 (muscleblind-like protein 1) is an alternative splicing factor that becomes highly concentrated with mutant RNA foci.
How does MBNL1 regulate embryonic splicing patterns?
MBNL1 promotes cell differentiation through regulation of alternative splicing, and we demonstrate that TRIM71 promotes embryonic splicing patterns through MBNL1 repression MBNL1 overexpression altered cerebral cortical responsiveness by decreasing the response in the contralateral hemisphere evoked by electrical stimulation.
How does Muscleblind-like 1 regulate RNA splicing?
Muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) is an RNA-binding protein that has been shown to regulate RNA alternative splicing, localization, and integrity 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is a key mechanism regulating eukaryotic gene expression by expanding genome coding diversity.
What does MBNL1 stand for in RNA foci?
MBNL1 (muscleblind-like protein 1) is an alternative splicing factor that becomes highly concentrated with mutant RNA foci.