What are the classifications of shock?
What are the classifications of shock?
There are four subtypes of shock with differing underlying causes and symptoms: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive. Distributive shock can be further divided into septic, anaphylaxis, and neurogenic shock.
What are the three etiologies of shock?
There are several main causes of shock:
- Heart conditions (heart attack, heart failure)
- Heavy internal or external bleeding, such as from a serious injury or rupture of a blood vessel.
- Dehydration, especially when severe or related to heat illness.
- Infection (septic shock)
- Severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock)
What is pathophysiology shock?
Shock is defined as a state of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to either reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen consumption, inadequate oxygen utilization, or a combination of these processes.
What type of shock is associated with bradycardia?
The hallmarks of neurogenic shock are hypotension with either bradycardia or a normal heart rate despite fluid replenishment. If the hypotension cannot be corrected with fluid expansion, vasopressor therapy may be required. 1.
What is the classification of hypovolemic shock?
Class 1: Volume loss up to 15% of total blood volume, approximately 750 mL. Heart rate is minimally elevated or normal. Typically, there is no change in blood pressure, pulse pressure, or respiratory rate. Class 2: Volume loss from 15% to 30% of total blood volume, from 750 mL to 1500 mL.
What are the signs of neurogenic shock?
Neurogenic shock symptoms
- dizziness.
- nausea.
- vomiting.
- blank stares.
- fainting.
- increased sweating.
- anxiety.
- pale skin.
What is the correct treatment for shock?
To treat shock: Keep the victim lying on his or her back. In some cases, shock victims improve by raising their feet 8–10 inches. If the victim is having trouble breathing, raise the victim’s head and shoulders about 10 inches rather than raising the feet.
What are the four stages of hypovolemic shock?
There are four stages of hypovolemic shock:
- Loss of up to 750 cubic centimeters (cc) or milliliters (mL) of blood, up to 15% of your total volume.
- Loss of 750 to 1,500 cc of blood.
- Loss of 1,500 to 2,000 cc of blood, about a half-gallon.
- Loss of more than 2,000 cc of blood, more than 40% of your total blood volume.
What are the four different types of shock?
The mnemonic acronym for these four categories is HASH. Neurogenic: another form of “distributive” shock Anaphylactic: also “distributive” shock Cardiogenic: pump failure. No pumping = no blood flow Hypovolemic: loss of blood or water Obstructive: eg. tension pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade
What is the Tossy classification of AC dislocation?
Dislocation in acromioclavicular joint – Tossy classification of AC dislocation. Tossy classification divides dislocations in AC joint into three grades. It was later extended by Rockwood et al. by another three types.
Which is the best description of a distributive shock?
Histotoxic: the cells receive plenty of oxygen, but are unable to utilize it, eg. in cyanide poisoning The mnemonic acronym for these four categories is HASH. Neurogenic: another form of “distributive” shock Anaphylactic: also “distributive” shock Cardiogenic: pump failure. No pumping = no blood flow Hypovolemic: loss of blood or water
Are there different types of shock in circulatory failure?
Four types of shock are recognized: distributive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and obstructive. However, these are not exclusive, and many patients with circulatory failure have a combination of more than one form of shock (multifactorial shock) ( table 1 ).